M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Example

M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Example M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Battle Drill 07-309502 React to Ambush (Near) TASK: React to Ambush (Near) (07-309502). CONDITIONS: (Dismounted/Mounted) The unit is moving tactically, conducting operations. The enemy initiates contact with direct fire within hand grenade range. All or part of the unit is receiving accurate enemy direct fire. This drill begins when the enemy initiates ambush within hand grenade range. STANDARDS: (Dismounted) Soldiers in the kill zone immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions and assault through the kill zone. Soldiers not n the kill zone locate and place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemy. The unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys the enemy. (Mounted) Vehicle gunners immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions as the unit continues to move out of the kill zone. Soldiers on disabled vehicles in the kill zone dismount, occupy covered positions, and engage the enemy with accurate fire. Vehicle gunners and Soldiers outside the kill zone suppress the enemy. The unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys the enemy. The unit leader reports the contact to higher headquarters. ILLUSTRATIONS: Figures D9502-1 to -3. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES: 1 . Dismounted (see Figure D9502-1 Figure D9502-1. React to ambush (near) (dismounted). a. Soldiers in the kill zone execute one of the following two actions: Return fire immediately. If cover is not available, immediately, without order or signal, assault through the kill zone. (2) Return fire immediately. If cover is available, without order or signal, occupy the nearest covered position, and throw smoke grenades. See Figure D9502-2. ) Figure D9502-2. React to ambush (near) (dismounted) (continued). b. Soldiers in the kill zone assault through the ambush using fire and movement. c. Soldiers not in the kill zone identify the enemy location, place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemys position and shift fire as Soldiers assault the objective. d. Soldiers assault through and destroy the enemy position. (See Figure D9502-3. ) Figure D9502-3. React to ambush (near) (dismounted) (continued). e. The unit leader reports the contact to higher headquarters. Mounted a. Vehicle gunners in the kill zone immediately return fire, while moving out of the kill zone. b. Soldiers in disabled vehicles in the kill zone immediately obscure themselves from the enemy with smoke, dismount if possible, seek covered positions, and return fire. c. Vehicle gunners and Soldiers outside of the kill zone identify the enemy positions, place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemy, and shift fire as Soldiers assault the o bjective. d. Soldiers in the kill zone assault through the ambush and destroy the enemy. e. The unit leader reports the contact to higher Supporting Individual Tasks 071-010-0006 step l. a. (l) Engage Targets with an M249 Machine Gun 071-025-0007 Engage Targets with an M240B Machine Gun 071-030-0004 Step 2. a. Engage Targets with an MK 19 Machine Gun 071-054-0004 Step 2. b. Engage Targets with an M136 Launcher 071-100-0003 Engage Targets with an M4 or M4A1 Carbine 071-311-2007 Engage Targets with an M16-Series Rifle 071-311-2130 Engage Targets with an M203 Grenade Launcher 071-313-3454 Engage Targets with a Caliber . 50 M2 Machine Gun 071-325-4407 tep 1. . (2) Employ Hand Grenades 071-326-0501 Step l. b Move as a Member of a Fire Team 071-326-0502 Move Under Direct Fire 071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Positions 071-326-0608 Step 2. e. Use Visual Signaling Techniques 071-326-5606 Step l. c. Select an Overwatch Position 071-410-0002 React to Direct Fire While Mounted 113-571-1022 Step 1 . e. Perform Voice Communications Supporting Products The Infantry Rifle Platoon an d Squad (FM 3-21. 8) The SBCT Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 9) The Warrior Ethos and Soldier combat Skills (FM 3-21. 75)

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight Obesity Obesity also called CORPULENCE, or FATNESS, excessive accumulation of body fat, usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are then stored as fat, or adipose tissue. Overweight, if moderate, is not necessarily obesity, particularly in muscular or large-boned individuals. In general, however, a body weight 20 percent or more over the optimum tends to be associated with obesity. The body's ability to adjust food intake to body needs can be disturbed by numerous factors. Of these, hormone imbalances and glandular defects are believed to be of least importance, being demonstrable in only bout 5 percent of all obese individuals. Although obesity may be familial, suggestive of a genetic predisposition to fat accumulation, there is also evidence that early feeding patterns imposed by the obese mother upon her offspring may play a major role in a cultural, rather than genetic, transmission of obesity from one generation to the next. More generally, the distinctive way of life of a nation and the individual's behavioral and emotional reaction to it may contribute significantly to widespread obesity. Among the affluent populations, an abundant supply of readily available high-calorie foods and beverages, coupled with increasingly sedentary living habits that markedly reduce caloric needs, can easily lead to overeating. The stresses and tensions of modern liv! ing also cause some individuals to turn to foods and alcoholic drinks for "relief." Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference; it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys. More die of accidents and diabetes, and more constitute poor surgical risks than persons with normal weight. Mental health is also affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from shyness and withdrawal to overly bold elf- assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses. The treatment of obesity has two main objectives: removal of the causative factors, which may be difficult if the causes are of emotional or psychological origin; and removal of surplus fat by reducing food intake. Return to normal body weight by reducing calorie intake is best done under medical supervision. Dietary fads and reducing diets that produce quick results without effort are of doubtful effectiveness in reducing body weight and keeping it down, and most are actually deleterious to health. (See dieting.) Obesity is to be distinguished from overweight caused by edema (excess retention of fluids) stemming from various diseases.

The Economics of Bio-fuels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Economics of Bio-fuels - Research Paper Example With increasing awareness the use of bio-fuel is increasing. Environmentalists opine that use of bio-fuel sheds less effect on the climate, and decision makers reveal that use of bio-fuel can lessen the pressure on balance of payments. The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). When the carbon dioxide goes into atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, the bio-diversity will decrease through increase in temperature. Scope of Research The research will try to analyze how the benefits will accrue to an economy using bio-fuel. The enhanced scope has economic and environmental points of view. Research is in progress around the world so as to explore new paths to solve the environment related hazards that can harm human beings. Scientists argue that increasing usage of renewable sources of energy can stand out as a potential solution to solve environmental hazards. Sustainable development and renewable energy uses share an intimate connection. It is believed that bio-energy systems would come out as important contributors to future sustainable development in industrialized and developing countries. ... The globe witnessed high energy prices in 2000. The bio-fuel was made profitable with high energy prices coupled with low prices of food. The rise in prices of corn can lead to substantial losses for the processors of corn bio-fuels. The emerging markets of bio-fuels will provide new markets for forest resources and the net benefits will get accrued to the local economies. The industries selling forest products are also likely to get benefitted. The negative effects will vary across regions. Bio-fuels can be utilized in electricity generation in the decades to come. The global industry of bio-power will bring enhanced prospects to the economy filled with natural resources. China, India, Latin America and Africa are the major gainers from the energy saved by improved cook stoves. China has saved 40 to 59 percent of its energy consumption by bringing 20 to 30 percent improvements in fuel efficiency. Energy is needed for poverty alleviation in the developing countries. However, with the rise in income levels, a shift in trend of preferences has been noticed. Modernization of agriculture will provide spaces for biomass energy production (Zilberman, Rajagopal, Sexton, and Hochman). The reports of 2007 state bio-fuels replaced 1-2% of liquid fuels and reduced the prices of other fuels by 2-4%. The estimated amount that was saved by the consumers was a resultant of 60 billion dollars. The major proportion of corn productivity was used in generation of bio-fuel. The inventories declined as well. There has been accumulating impact of bio-fuels on prices of food. The World Bank suggested that negative supply shocks and continuing shortages will lead to expectation of price rise. The carbon emissions from bio-fuels can be offset by carbon