Indian Removal Act Of 1830 - 923 Words

It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress . . . the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation† (Jackson, 1830, para.1). With promises of new lands, protection, and monies, President Andrew Jackson portrays the Indian Removal Act of 1830 as beneficial to Indians, wherein governmental financial gain is incidental. However, when considering land transactions and gold discoveries, the true beneficiaries are revealed. While strengthening the States’ white population, wealth, and power, the Indian Removal Act dispels previous treaties that ensure Indian ancestral territorial boundaries; and it ultimately facilitates the forced relocation where thousands die of starvation and exposure. Proponents of the Indian Removal Act (the Act) advocate its benefits to the Indians. For instance, in his message to Congress, President Andrew Jackson (1830) explains, that as white settlements inevitably progress westward, current policy attributes to the slow annihilation of the Indians, therefore a speedy removal protects the Indian civilizations from extinction. He goes on to explain that the Act not only provides for this speedy removal, but provides a purchase of their current territory, endows a new extensive territory, finances relocation, and offers future support and protection; and these offers should be â€Å"hailed with gratitude and joy† (para.4), and any â€Å"pecuniary advantages which it promises to the Government are the least of itsShow MoreRelatedThe Removal Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301820 Words   |  8 Pagespolicy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce the remaining tribes also to seek the same obvious advantages.† (Jackson, 1830) This quote from President Andrew Jackson showed the happiness of the â€Å"white settlers† ofRead MoreIndian Removal Act Of 18301155 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Indian Removal Act of 1830 The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was an act that helped aid the expansion of the United States population into the southernmost states, occupied mainly by Native Americans. The act was a long time coming, especially with President Andrew Jackson, a long-time proponent of Native American removal, at the helm. This paper explores the history leading up to the law, the introduction and passage, as well as the sometimes-tragic implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830Read MoreIndian Removal Act Of 1830868 Words   |  4 PagesIndian Removal Act of 1830 The Indian Removal Act was signed into law on May 28th 1930 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Perhaps best known as the black eye of the administration and overshadowing his presidency’s accomplishments, the Indian Removal Act was passed into law to allow the president to negotiate with Indians to purchase land they occupied and offer them lands west of the Mississippi. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 could also amount to pure greed and racism, the beginning of theRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830940 Words   |  4 PagesThe American’s desire for expansion of their nation and economic growth has always been their main interest and goal. The Indian Removal in the 1830’s was a great example of America’s efforts to expand through North America and their motivation to economically improve through profitable opportunities. When comparing the Indian Removal and the events that followed the Treaty of Paris, a similarity in the expansion of America i s discovered. Labor, politics, and economics of America during the two erasRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 18301083 Words   |  5 Pages The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was a law passed by President Andrew Jackson that provided the funds for the removal of the Indian tribes found in South. These tribes were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. Slave states, following the lead of Missouri who in the 1820s forced its Indian population to leave, saw the opportunity to expand their industry in the fielding of cotton by â€Å"converting Indian soil into slave soil.† That along with the finding of gold and simply the desireRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830892 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents are analyzing is; what are the major effects of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? The students will be given several data sets of events that occurred after the act was initiated and draw conclusions and revise their thesis statement as they go. The big idea of this lesson to have students understand the importance of the Indian Removal Act and it is essentially only the beginning of the journey that Indian tribes had to face after the act was initiated. It led to many heartbreaking events thatRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act of 18301123 Words   |  5 PagesTHE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830 Migdalia Tuero HIST101: American History to 1877 Professor Kathleen Davis February 13, 2014 There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence createdRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 18301299 Words   |  6 Pageswere many diverse, and complex views when approaching this subject matter; however, in 1830 President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced Indians to relocate from their homelands in south east to land west of the Mississippi river. This granted the U.S. a large portion of new rich land, unfortunately it was at the expense of the Native Americans. When passing the Indian Removal Act of 1830, President Jackson relied on teleological utilitarianism ethnic views, in that he focusedRead MoreIndian Removal Act Of 1830923 Words   |  4 Pagesbut the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew†, remarked a Georgia soldier who had participated in the removal of Indian Natives during the mid-1800’s. As a result of the Indian Removal Act, Indian natives have been perceived as mistreated and cheated throughout history. The Indian Removal Act was passed during the presidency of Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. This act granted authorization to the president to exchange unsettled lands west of Mississippi for Indian lands residing inRead MoreThe Indian Removal Act Of 1830865 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Indian Removal act of 1830 was enacted, the Cherokee Nation panicked. The Cherokee, specifically the romanticized Tsali, did their best to preserve their culture in the mountains of North Carolina, but what really saved them from their harsh fate that so many other Cherokee faced, was there white chief, William Holland Thomas. The Cherokee were â€Å"disagreeable and dangerous neighbors,† but th ey had a powerful ally in Raleigh, who saved the Eastern Band from a much harsher fate. The Eastern

The City As A Growth Machine - 881 Words

Is it a coincidence certain areas only consist of black civilians or white civilians? The articles â€Å"The City as a Growth Machine by Logan and Molotch, Minoritized Space by Michel Laguerre and The Construction of the Ghetto by Massey and Denton demonstrate segregation between racial backgrounds are divided into into specific neighborhoods that contributes as a benefit towards whites. I will be arguing how the theory of Karl Marx on estranged labor is related into these article but also Angela Harris theory on Critical racial theory contributes, clarifies and supports the author s reasons on why segregation still exists among communities. I will be connecting argument by adding evidence to support my argument with Karl Marx and Angela Harris theory within the articles. The three articles mentioned, describe theories that attribute to Karl Marx theory of labor among the different classes. Estrangement labor, are four different forms that result into the laborer to become alienat ed from their life- activities, nature, other civilians or family in order to focus on producing for one common goal which is â€Å"climbing the ladder† according to Marx. In reality, society prohibits classes to move up the â€Å"ladder’ by increasing taxes, rent and other expensive to keep classes segregated and controlled among each other. This is described throughout the article â€Å"Urban Fortunes† by John R. Logan and Harvey L. Molotch. It is started â€Å"For those who, count the city is a growth machine, oneShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Local Governments And Political Machines1258 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the late nineteenth century, political machines become a mechanism to deal with the problems and new challenges that the cities encountered. The increased population required more solutions to solve problems regarding the distribution of resources as well as public services. In many ways, the political machines provided solutions to in dividuals in urban cities, but it was only done in exchange for votes and did not solve collective problems the cities faced. Reformers who wanted to change theRead MoreSociety s Understanding Of The World Operates Around Them1085 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"spaceship Earth†), â€Å"the tragedy of the commons†, â€Å"war against nature†, and machines (nature is like a machine that can be built around human needs). A discourse that captures many of those tropes would be the Promethean discourse. The Promethean discourse is the idea that the earths’s resources were designed to be exploited by the human race in order to gain social progress. An example of a metaphor would be, â€Å"growth and material well-being grounded in a â€Å"cornucopia†Ã¢â‚¬ . Several factors that makeRead MoreIndustrialization During The Industrial Revolution1577 Words   |  7 Pagesand work. Industrialization, however, drastically altered the small family unit, when work was transitioned from hand production methods to machines, chemical manufacturing and iron production processes. Extreme, long working hours and conditions left little time for contact with each other, since time was limited at home, except for brief rest. Machines took the place of work that was previously done by hand, by a specific family member. Many farmers were left poor and out of work, by the EnclosureRead MoreGke1 Task 4a1 139 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopments and social consequences began to arise. The way people worked was changing as well as the way they would live. Urbanization was one significant social consequence that was caused by the First Industrial Revolution. Urbanization is the growth of a city, and broadly the transition from the majority of the population living in rural circumstances and working agriculture, to living in urban circumstances, and working in industrial jobs. Before the Industrial Revolution began, people were mostlyRead MoreGentrification Of The West Philadelphia1478 Words   |  6 Pages1984). Harvey Molotch’s city as a growth machine theory has been very useful tool in the study of gentrification. Molotch’s growth machine frames the commodification of place as a product of the political economy, where city â€Å"growth† is driven by entrepreneurs and land {monopolies} who seek to gain control of profit through exchange values. These â€Å"local growth machines† are responsible for the distribution of people and the architectural and economic development of the city (Logan and Molotch, 1987)Read MoreHuman Capital Management Is Important For An Organization Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop artificial intelligence, we pretty much need human capital to accomplish anything in the word today. It takes human capital to create some other forms of capital. While a machine may eliminate the need to have hundreds of production workers make stuff, it still took human capital to design and build the machine. Human capital is important because individ uals who spend maximum part of their day contributing towards the success of an organization are its most crucial resources. Employees canRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of Europe1553 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system† (Industrial Revolution). The Industrial Revolution was a big event that happened in Europe. Those three main changes impacted everything in a huge way. The Industrial Revolution in Europe was a positiveRead MoreIndustrial Revolution: How Did the Industrial Revolution Transform Society?883 Words   |  4 PagesHow did the Industrial Revolution transform society? During the 1700s, manufacturing companies in Britain began producing goods in a completely new way that would soon spread across Europe and then across the world. Inventors built remarkable machines. New forms of power, such as steam, replaced the strength of human and animals. The factory system of making goods also came into use. All of these advances affected patterns of living as well as working. Because society was so transformed, thisRead MoreThe Impact Of The Industrial Revolution897 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrial Revolution in England was seen as an improvement to society. Before the revolution began most products such as clothing, were handmade and mostly done in people’s homes with basic machinery. The revolution gave birth to factories were machines that were able to produce a large amount of goods to be manufactured in a shorter amount of time without human error. Providing a great amount of jobs for people, improvement in the countries transportation, and commu nication with other countriesRead MoreThe Growth Plan For The Fitness Industry1248 Words   |  5 PagesGrowth Plan The growth plan is ultimately driven by the growth of the entrepreneur who started the business. (Hart, 2013). To ensure the growth of K9 Fitness, staying competitive in the fitness industry is crucial. There are new gyms opening up in multiple cities every single day, each with new types of machines, new weights, and new types of group classes to help keep peoples interests. Some of these gyms are selective to a certain type of workout class, such as yoga studios, pilates studios, cycling

Gas Exchanges free essay sample

This process has three basic steps that involve pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration. All three steps are functions that involve gas exchanges between the lungs and the atmosphere. For instance, pulmonary ventilation, or breathing involves the inhalation and exhalation of air between our lungs and the atmosphere. External respiration is the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. This is where the capillaries gains O2 and loses CO2. And finally, the Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue cells. During this process, the blood loses O2 and gains CO2. The metabolic reactions consume O2 and give off CO2 during the manufacturing of ATP. Jenkins, 2010) Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure inside the lungs is less that the air pressure in the atmosphere. Boyle’s law states that, â€Å"The difference in pressure caused by changes in lung volume force air into our lungs when we inhale and out when we exhale. We will write a custom essay sample on Gas Exchanges or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Pg. 748 if volume increases, outside pressure must decrease. This process involves the diaphragm muscle which increases, during forceful inhalations expanding the thoracic cavity allowing greater airflow into the lungs. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveolar air and pulmonary blood occurs by passive diffusion. This process is governed by Dalton’s law and Henrys law. According to Jenkins, Partial pressures determine the movement of O2 and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and lungs, between the lungs and blood and between the blood and body cells. Each gas must diffuse across a permeable membrane from the area of its partial pressure is higher to a much less area of partial pressure, which makes the rate of diffusion faster. External respiration in the lungs converts to deoxygenated blood coming from the right side of the heart in oxygenated blood that returns to the left side of the heart. (Jenkins, 2010) When blood flows through the pulmonary arteries, it picks up O2 from the alveolar air and unloads CO2 into the alveolar air. This process is known as the exchange of gases.

Refugees Population And Needs Essays - Human Geography,

Refugees Population And Needs wars,famines,drought and other problems have caused many people to leave their houses;and migrate to other areas ,which are equipped with enough better facilities,so that a man can survive.today ,states like kosovo,kashmir,afghanistan,bosnia and chechniya are facing the same problems. people are moving to more safe areas, to protect them selves from violence . the people previously livivng in the endangered areas have migrated to make small communities, living in tents outside the main stations. the biggest problem,which these refugees rae facing ,is that of food ; there is an immense shortage of food in the state of kosovo due to the civil war .uno should try hard to provide these helpless refugees with enough food so that they can survive.unicef and unesco should be given the responsibilities to conserve the rights of the children. the shortage of necessary resources in this state has led to gang rapes,murders and terrorism.some days back cnn reported live about the condition in the state of kosovo. it said that the owner of the delta air lines was providing food , bathroom and clothing facilities to the refugees ,(all on his own) .cnn also interviewed;live; a reefugee living near kosovo . he tearfully tried to tell the conditions of kosovo; but i remember the time he narrated. i cant tell you the condition ....! the beautiful valley is turning into a grave yard. mr mikorish, the president of kosovo is a neo hitler and is following the policy of ethinic cleansing and systematic genocide against the muslims of kosovo.due to the cold weather is the state ,people need more woolen and warm clotes;to save them from viral diseases.it is a right of refugees to have proper shelter and apt medical care.cold climate ,unavailibilty of food ,scarcity of water resouces are cause of many dangerous diseaes .emigratns should be vaccinated and should be provided shelter problems all over the world in these violated states are the same . in case of kashmir. food is the biggest problem.due to the violated conditions and bellicose behavior of troops around kasmir;many people have migrated and started dwelling in pakistan and india. these countries themselves are 'devolping countries' with weak economies .these countries are facing immense problems in accommodating and in the rehabilitaion of refugees. the never ending vendetta between pakistan and india has caused kashmir to suffer a lot since uk leaders left in 1947. the indian armada battalions of soldiers are occupying kashmir;and causing the people to leave the area . the local citizens of the countries near by should fulfil their responsibility by helping the refugees with 'cash' or any tangible assets which are of any use of the helpless. the uno should provide accurately accounted fondest these countries ,which would further help them in medical treatment ,shelter,water and clothing . tosave hum ans ;rehabilitaion is necessary. the problem in afghanistan has a long saga behind it . people due the miasma of political strife in the state ; are migtated to pakistan and other asian countries as refugees,living in an occupied state like afghanistan,people always have a certain types of perils in their hearts . again the onus comes to pakistan, india and other asian countries. world bank should be in cooperation with these state and should provide enough funds to feed ,cover (shelter) and clothe the refugees. due the extremely hot climate in afghanistan; different typesof hazardous diseases like 'dehydration'and 'typhoid' arise . uno should help these supporting countries in boosting up their economies so that they could help the people migrating from the disputed states.who ,nato,unesco should help in the accommodation and in solving the problems of refugees;as well as teach each and every human to have clear ideas and education on how to mutually respect ,cooperate with one another Social Issues Essays

M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Example

M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Example M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay M16 Rifle and Higher Headquarters Essay Battle Drill 07-309502 React to Ambush (Near) TASK: React to Ambush (Near) (07-309502). CONDITIONS: (Dismounted/Mounted) The unit is moving tactically, conducting operations. The enemy initiates contact with direct fire within hand grenade range. All or part of the unit is receiving accurate enemy direct fire. This drill begins when the enemy initiates ambush within hand grenade range. STANDARDS: (Dismounted) Soldiers in the kill zone immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions and assault through the kill zone. Soldiers not n the kill zone locate and place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemy. The unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys the enemy. (Mounted) Vehicle gunners immediately return fire on known or suspected enemy positions as the unit continues to move out of the kill zone. Soldiers on disabled vehicles in the kill zone dismount, occupy covered positions, and engage the enemy with accurate fire. Vehicle gunners and Soldiers outside the kill zone suppress the enemy. The unit assaults through the kill zone and destroys the enemy. The unit leader reports the contact to higher headquarters. ILLUSTRATIONS: Figures D9502-1 to -3. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES: 1 . Dismounted (see Figure D9502-1 Figure D9502-1. React to ambush (near) (dismounted). a. Soldiers in the kill zone execute one of the following two actions: Return fire immediately. If cover is not available, immediately, without order or signal, assault through the kill zone. (2) Return fire immediately. If cover is available, without order or signal, occupy the nearest covered position, and throw smoke grenades. See Figure D9502-2. ) Figure D9502-2. React to ambush (near) (dismounted) (continued). b. Soldiers in the kill zone assault through the ambush using fire and movement. c. Soldiers not in the kill zone identify the enemy location, place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemys position and shift fire as Soldiers assault the objective. d. Soldiers assault through and destroy the enemy position. (See Figure D9502-3. ) Figure D9502-3. React to ambush (near) (dismounted) (continued). e. The unit leader reports the contact to higher headquarters. Mounted a. Vehicle gunners in the kill zone immediately return fire, while moving out of the kill zone. b. Soldiers in disabled vehicles in the kill zone immediately obscure themselves from the enemy with smoke, dismount if possible, seek covered positions, and return fire. c. Vehicle gunners and Soldiers outside of the kill zone identify the enemy positions, place well-aimed suppressive fire on the enemy, and shift fire as Soldiers assault the o bjective. d. Soldiers in the kill zone assault through the ambush and destroy the enemy. e. The unit leader reports the contact to higher Supporting Individual Tasks 071-010-0006 step l. a. (l) Engage Targets with an M249 Machine Gun 071-025-0007 Engage Targets with an M240B Machine Gun 071-030-0004 Step 2. a. Engage Targets with an MK 19 Machine Gun 071-054-0004 Step 2. b. Engage Targets with an M136 Launcher 071-100-0003 Engage Targets with an M4 or M4A1 Carbine 071-311-2007 Engage Targets with an M16-Series Rifle 071-311-2130 Engage Targets with an M203 Grenade Launcher 071-313-3454 Engage Targets with a Caliber . 50 M2 Machine Gun 071-325-4407 tep 1. . (2) Employ Hand Grenades 071-326-0501 Step l. b Move as a Member of a Fire Team 071-326-0502 Move Under Direct Fire 071-326-0513 Select Temporary Fighting Positions 071-326-0608 Step 2. e. Use Visual Signaling Techniques 071-326-5606 Step l. c. Select an Overwatch Position 071-410-0002 React to Direct Fire While Mounted 113-571-1022 Step 1 . e. Perform Voice Communications Supporting Products The Infantry Rifle Platoon an d Squad (FM 3-21. 8) The SBCT Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad (FM 3-21. 9) The Warrior Ethos and Soldier combat Skills (FM 3-21. 75)

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight

Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight Obesity Obesity also called CORPULENCE, or FATNESS, excessive accumulation of body fat, usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are then stored as fat, or adipose tissue. Overweight, if moderate, is not necessarily obesity, particularly in muscular or large-boned individuals. In general, however, a body weight 20 percent or more over the optimum tends to be associated with obesity. The body's ability to adjust food intake to body needs can be disturbed by numerous factors. Of these, hormone imbalances and glandular defects are believed to be of least importance, being demonstrable in only bout 5 percent of all obese individuals. Although obesity may be familial, suggestive of a genetic predisposition to fat accumulation, there is also evidence that early feeding patterns imposed by the obese mother upon her offspring may play a major role in a cultural, rather than genetic, transmission of obesity from one generation to the next. More generally, the distinctive way of life of a nation and the individual's behavioral and emotional reaction to it may contribute significantly to widespread obesity. Among the affluent populations, an abundant supply of readily available high-calorie foods and beverages, coupled with increasingly sedentary living habits that markedly reduce caloric needs, can easily lead to overeating. The stresses and tensions of modern liv! ing also cause some individuals to turn to foods and alcoholic drinks for "relief." Obesity may be undesirable from an aesthetic sense, especially in parts of the world where slimness is the popular preference; it is also a serious medical problem. Generally, obese persons have a shorter life expectancy; they suffer earlier, more often, and more severely from a large number of diseases than do their normal-weight counterparts. They are also more likely to die prematurely of degenerative diseases of the heart, arteries, and kidneys. More die of accidents and diabetes, and more constitute poor surgical risks than persons with normal weight. Mental health is also affected; behavioral consequences of an obese appearance, ranging from shyness and withdrawal to overly bold elf- assertion, may be rooted in neuroses and psychoses. The treatment of obesity has two main objectives: removal of the causative factors, which may be difficult if the causes are of emotional or psychological origin; and removal of surplus fat by reducing food intake. Return to normal body weight by reducing calorie intake is best done under medical supervision. Dietary fads and reducing diets that produce quick results without effort are of doubtful effectiveness in reducing body weight and keeping it down, and most are actually deleterious to health. (See dieting.) Obesity is to be distinguished from overweight caused by edema (excess retention of fluids) stemming from various diseases.

The Economics of Bio-fuels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Economics of Bio-fuels - Research Paper Example With increasing awareness the use of bio-fuel is increasing. Environmentalists opine that use of bio-fuel sheds less effect on the climate, and decision makers reveal that use of bio-fuel can lessen the pressure on balance of payments. The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). When the carbon dioxide goes into atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, the bio-diversity will decrease through increase in temperature. Scope of Research The research will try to analyze how the benefits will accrue to an economy using bio-fuel. The enhanced scope has economic and environmental points of view. Research is in progress around the world so as to explore new paths to solve the environment related hazards that can harm human beings. Scientists argue that increasing usage of renewable sources of energy can stand out as a potential solution to solve environmental hazards. Sustainable development and renewable energy uses share an intimate connection. It is believed that bio-energy systems would come out as important contributors to future sustainable development in industrialized and developing countries. ... The globe witnessed high energy prices in 2000. The bio-fuel was made profitable with high energy prices coupled with low prices of food. The rise in prices of corn can lead to substantial losses for the processors of corn bio-fuels. The emerging markets of bio-fuels will provide new markets for forest resources and the net benefits will get accrued to the local economies. The industries selling forest products are also likely to get benefitted. The negative effects will vary across regions. Bio-fuels can be utilized in electricity generation in the decades to come. The global industry of bio-power will bring enhanced prospects to the economy filled with natural resources. China, India, Latin America and Africa are the major gainers from the energy saved by improved cook stoves. China has saved 40 to 59 percent of its energy consumption by bringing 20 to 30 percent improvements in fuel efficiency. Energy is needed for poverty alleviation in the developing countries. However, with the rise in income levels, a shift in trend of preferences has been noticed. Modernization of agriculture will provide spaces for biomass energy production (Zilberman, Rajagopal, Sexton, and Hochman). The reports of 2007 state bio-fuels replaced 1-2% of liquid fuels and reduced the prices of other fuels by 2-4%. The estimated amount that was saved by the consumers was a resultant of 60 billion dollars. The major proportion of corn productivity was used in generation of bio-fuel. The inventories declined as well. There has been accumulating impact of bio-fuels on prices of food. The World Bank suggested that negative supply shocks and continuing shortages will lead to expectation of price rise. The carbon emissions from bio-fuels can be offset by carbon